DRBD同步速率机制
同步与复制的区别
(Re-)synchronization is distinct from device replication. While replication occurs on any write event to a resource in the primary role, synchronization is decoupled from incoming writes. Rather, it affects the device as a whole.
Synchronization is necessary if the replication link has been interrupted for any reason, be it due to failure of the primary node, failure of the secondary node, or interruption of the replication link.
DRBD 高效同步
Synchronization is efficient in the sense that DRBD does not synchronize modified blocks in the order they were originally written, but in linear order, which has the following consequences:
- Synchronization is fast, since blocks in which several successive write operations occurred are only synchronized once.
- Synchronization is also associated with few disk seeks, as blocks are synchronized according to the natural on-disk block layout.
- During synchronization, the data set on the standby node is partly obsolete and partly already updated. This state of data is called inconsistent.
The service continues to run uninterrupted on the active node, while background synchronization is in progress.
注意
A node with inconsistent data generally cannot be put into operation, thus it is desirable to keep the time period during which a node is inconsistent as short as possible.
DRBD does, however, ship with an LVM integration facility that automates the creation of LVM snapshots immediately before synchronization. This ensures that a consistent copy of the data is always available on the peer, even while synchronization is running. See "Using automated LVM snapshots during DRBD synchronization" for details on using this facility.
不同的同步速率机制
Variable-rate synchronization
In variable-rate synchronization (the default), DRBD detects the available bandwidth on the synchronization network, compares it to incoming foreground application I/O, and selects an appropriate synchronization rate based on a fully automatic control loop.
See "Variable sync rate configuration" for configuration suggestions with regard to variable-rate synchronization.
Fixed-rate synchronization
In fixed-rate synchronization, the amount of data shipped to the synchronizing peer per second (the synchronization rate) has a configurable, static upper limit. Based on this limit, you may estimate the expected sync time based on the following simple formula:
Synchronization time $$ t_{sync} = \frac{D}{R} $$
tsync is the expected sync time. D is the amount of data to be synchronized, which you are unlikely to have any influence over (this is the amount of data that was modified by your application while the replication link was broken). R is the rate of synchronization, which is configurable — bounded by the throughput limitations of the replication network and I/O subsystem.
See "Configuring the rate of synchronization" for configuration suggestions with regard to fixed-rate synchronization.
Checksum-based synchronization
The efficiency of DRBD’s synchronization algorithm may be further enhanced by using data digests, also known as checksums. When using checksum-based synchronization, then rather than performing a brute-force overwrite of blocks marked out of sync, DRBD reads blocks before synchronizing them and computes a hash of the contents currently found on disk. It then compares this hash with one computed from the same sector on the peer, and omits re-writing this block if the hashes match. This can dramatically cut down synchronization times in situation where a filesystem re-writes a sector with identical contents while DRBD is in disconnected mode.
See "Configuring checksum-based synchronization" for configuration suggestions with regard to synchronization.