PCM 音频

PCMA 及 PCMU

PCM（脉冲编码调制），是国际电信联盟订定出来的一套语音压缩标准，主要用于电话。它主要用脉冲编码调制对音频采样，采样率为8k每秒。它利用一个 64Kbps 未压缩通道传输语音讯号。起压缩率为1：2，即把16位数据压缩成8位。G.711是主流的波形声音编解码器。

G.711 标准下主要有两种压缩算法。一种是µ-law algorithm （又常称 u-law, ulaw, mu-law），主要运用于北美和日本；另一种是A-law algorithm，主要运用于欧洲和世界其他地区。

中国使用的是 PCMA 也就是 G.711 A-law algorithm。

PCM 及 LPCM

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, Compact Discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.

Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) is a specific type of PCM where the quantization levels are linearly uniform. This is in contrast to PCM encodings where quantization levels vary as a function of amplitude (as with the A-law algorithm or the μ-law algorithm). Though PCM is a more general term, it is often used to describe data encoded as LPCM.